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| | Arts Calendar / November 29 / Opera |
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 Giuseppe Verdi’s opera Stiffelio (1850) ushered in the lyrical drama genre of the latter half of the 19th century. This work predated the composer’s best operas of the 1850s – Rigoletto, Il trovatore and La traviata. The libretto to Stiffelio was written by Francesco Maria Piave after Emile Souvestre and Eug?ne Bourgeois’s play Le pasteur, ou L'avangile et le foyer. The plot is somewhat unusual for the opera. After returning from a long mission, Minister Stiffelio finds out his wife, Lina, is cheating him with Raffaele. Count Stankar, Lina’s father tries to defend the family honor and calls Raffaele out in a duel. Stiffelio shows Lina a divorce certificate. Then the minister begins to preach, opens the Bible at the page where Jesus forgives the harlot, and Stiffelio accepts the repentant Lina. Stiffelio was premiered on 16th November 1850 in Teatro Grande in Trieste, Italy. The story of the married priest who is able to forgive the infidelity of his wife seemed to be nonsense. In the later Italian productions the opera was changed many times because of censorship and then fell into oblivion for a long time. In 1854, Verdi wrote to his friend Cesare De Sanctis: “Among my operas that are not in circulation, some I’d abandon because the subjects are wrong but there are two that I would not like forgotten; they are Stiffelio and La Battaglia di Legnano.” Years after, in re-cooperation with Piave Verdi tried to bring the composition to the scene one more time. It was renamed as Aroldo; the action was brought back seven centuries. This version was premiered on the 16th August 1857 in the Teatro Nuovo (Rimini, Italy).
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